Our presentation

Today we presented and it didn't go as bad as I thought. I thought it was decent and maybe we'll get a decent grade. Everyones presentations looked good and everyone spent a lot of time on them. I'm so hungry and tired.

Presentations

Today in class Olivia, Caitlin, Miel, Leigh, and Gia all researched Ancient Greek woman. They showed how they did their make up, cooked, and weaved. The video they presented was filled with lots of facts and turned out to be pretty funny. The food was good even though I later regretted the dairy.

Sub

Today in class Mr. Schick wasn't here so we continued to work on our projects that we will be presenting tomorrow. I will have to bring in a sword and a shield because it went along with our presentation.

Project

Today in class we worked on a project that we have due on Wednesday. We finished our video over the weekend so all that's left is to do the paper. We broke up the paper today and worked on it most of class.

Test Tomorrow

arable
suitable for growing crops, 20% of Greece

most valuable crop in Greece
olives

Mycenaeans
a group of people who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C.; leading city called Mycenae which could withstand any attack; absorbed Crete culture, wall

Trojan War
1200 BCE it was a real war in the Iliad

Dorians
In about 1100 B.C. these people overcame the Mycenaean culture, Greece's earliest culture.
writing disappeared for 400 years

Homer
ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey


Homeric Question
the doubt and consequent debate over the identity of Homer, the authorship of the Iliad and Odyssey, and their historicity

Polis
A city-state in ancient Greece.

Monarchy
A government ruled by a king or queen

Aristocracy
A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility

Oligarchy
A government ruled by a few powerful people

Tryanny
A government where the leader gained power by force

aristocrat
a member of the most powerful class in ancient Greek society

In the symposium, Greek aristocrats:
cultivated their appreciation of wine, women, and the arts.

draconian
unnessarly harsh

tyrant
someone who rules outside the framework of the polis

Solon's reforms
outlaws debt slavery
all Athenian citizens can speak at the assembly

Clesithenes
Father of democracy
council of 500

Hippias
the last tyrant of Athens, thrown out through cooperation of Athenians and Spartans
worked with Darius 1 to help invade Marathon

Isagoras and Cleisthenes
Isagoras had support from some fellow aristocrats, plus from Sparta
Cleisthenes had support of the majority of Athenians

508 BCE
Cleisthenes creates democratic government in Athens after Isagoras gets thrown out by the people

Direct Democracy
A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives

Agora
citizens argued, made speeches, then voted with white stones (yes) / black stones (no)

infantry
soldiers who fight on foot

Trireme
Greek ships built specifically for ramming enemy ships.

Phalanx
A military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields

Persian Empire vs Greece
Greece
iron weapons meant ordinary citizens could afford to arm themselves
foot soldiers (hoplites) trained from an early age
Persian
first archers (do damage from a distance)
then cavalry (they disrupt communication between generals and soldiers)

Socrates
(470-399 BCE) An Athenian philosopher who thought that human beings could lead honest lives and that honor was far more important than wealth, fame, or other superficial attributes.

Plato
(430-347 BCE) Was a disciple of Socrates whose cornerstone of thought was his theory of Forms, in which there was another world of perfection.

Aristotle
A Greek Philosopher, taught Alexander the Great, started a famous school, studied with Plato

Spartans vs Athenians

 SPARTANS

Greeks were certainly a warlike people - especially the Spartans

Spartans were known for their tough, ruthless infantry: soldiers who fought on land

Spartan boys trained from the time they were seven 

ATHENIANS

Athens had a great infantry, too, but nothing could compare with their navy

their most effective weapon was the trireme

PHALANX

close-rank, dense grouping of warriors

armed with long spears and interlocking shields

Greek

iron weapons meant ordinary citizens could afford to arm themselves

foot soldiers (hoplites) trained from an early age

armed with spears, swords, shields

often fought in phalanx formation

“home field” advantage

motivated to preserve democracy

VS

Persian

first archers (do damage from a distance)

then cavalry (they disrupt communication between generals and soldiers)

then lightly armored infantry (carried spear, sword, and bow)

huge numbers

long way from home

professional army (soldiers for hire, or mercenaries)

Project

Today in class we worked on our project that we will be presenting on March 27th. For my project I am working with Sydney Walsh and Queen, and Sophia. For our project we are researching Athenian and Spartan kids. The question behind this was " how did these 2 powerful civilizations grow up to be a dominate civilization?" To represent our topic we are planning to make skits and then explain them. I promise it's going to be a lot more interesting than it sounds.

Athens Boys

Children took part in many religious rituals. At age 3 a young boy tasted his first wine at the festive of Dionysus and also served as temple boys where they assisted at sacrificial rituals. By age seven boys in Athens began attending school. The young wealthy boys were accompanied to school by their paidagogos or male tutor. Sometimes in other families a male slave would take a masters’ son to school. Books were extremely rare and very expensive in ancient Athens, so students did their work on waxed-covered tablets and a stylus. Subjects were not unlike those taught today. Many scenes on pottery and in art illustrate young students seated around their teacher. They were taught math including fractions, addition, subtraction, division and multiplication. They learned the words of Homer, to read and to write. Music instruction usually included learning to play the lyre. Physical education was extremely important in Athens, and sports included use of the bow and arrow and the sling, competitions in wrestling and swimming were also included in the curricula. The more wealthy were taught the skill of horseback riding.

greece crucible of civilization

After rule by tyrants of the aristocratic class and a struggle for power, Cleisthenes (570-507 B.C.), himself an aristocrat, sided with the common people of Athens and brought democracy into being. From this beginning, western democracy developed and flourished. All the while during their early maturation into a Mediterranean power, Athens and other city-states had to live with the threat of war from expansionist Sparta as well as the vast Persian Empire. But democracy had taken root, and it proved in the long run to be a greater force than the mightiest of armies.

DEMOCRACY

Isagoras becomes archon eponymous (tyrant)
He ostracizes Cleisthenes
Cleisthenes’ supporters - and the ordinary Athenian citizens- revolt against Isagoras tyranny
they trap Isagoras on the acropolis for two days - on the third day he fled and was banished
508 BCE

Cleisthenes - definitely a member of the elite

very rich

insulated from the “hoi polloi”

crafty politician

Artistocracy

Aristocrats:
members of the ruling class

they attended symposiums, meetings where the elite men would enjoy wine and poetry, performances by dancers and acrobats, and the company of hetaeras (courtesans) while discussing politic 

Tyranny

sometimes aristocrats would form alliances with hoplites (well-armed soldiers), and set up an alternative form of government called a tyranny

tyrant: someone who rules outside the framework of the polis

modern meaning of tyrant: an abusive or oppressive ruler

the Greek meaning of tyrant: someone who simply seized power (usually with hoplite help)

warring city states

• Vocab
• polis: fundamental political unit, made up of a city and the surrounding countryside
• monarchy: rule by a single person (a king in Greece)
• aristocracy: rule by a small group of noble, very rich, landowning families
• oligarchy: wealthy groups, dissatisfied with aristocratic rule, who seized power (often with military help)
• tyrant: powerful individual who seized control by appealing to the common people for support
• Draco (621 BCE)
• all Athenians are equal under the law
• death is the punishment for many crimes
• debt slavery is allowed
• Solon (594 BCE)
• outlaws debt slavery
• all Athenian citizens can speak at the assembly
• any citizen can press charges against wrongdoers
• arranged social classes
• Cleisthenes (500 BCE)
• allowed all citizens to submit laws for debate at the assembly
• created the Council of Five Hundred
• 10 groups formed by wealth
• only free adult male property owners born in Athens were considered citizens
• women slaves were considered “foreigners”

greek mythology

In Greek mythology, the Trojan War was waged against the city of Troy by the Achaeans (Greeks) after Paris of Troy took Helen from her husband Menelaus, king of Sparta. The war is one of the most important events in Greek mythology and has been narrated through many works of Greek literature, most notably Homer's Iliad. The core of the Iliad describes a period of four days and two nights in the tenth year of the decade-long siege of Troy; the Odyssey describes the journey home of Odysseus, one of the war's heroes. Other parts of the war are described in a cycle of epic poems, which have survived through fragments.

Sea People

• around 1200 BCE the mysterious “sea people” began to invade Mycenae, and burnt palace after palace
• so, the Dorians moved into this war-torn region, dominating from 1150 - 750 BCE
• Dorians were far less advanced
• the trade-based economy collapsed
• writing disappeared for 400 years

greece geography

Mainland Greece is a mountainous land almost completely surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea. Greece has more than 1400 islands. The country has mild winters and long, hot and dry summers. The ancient Greeks were a seafaring people. They traded with other countries around the Mediterranean. Many cities created settlements overseas known as colonies. There are more than 2,000 large and smaller greek islands scattered both in the Aegean and the Ionian Sea. Most of them are located in the Aegean between the mainland and Turkey. The largest Greek island is Crete and the second largest is Evia. Lesvos and Rhodes come next. Some of the most famous islands are Santorini, Mykonos, Rhodes, Crete, Zakynthos and Corfu.

• Greece is a mountainous peninsula, mountains cover three-quarters of Greece
• approximately 2000 islands in the Ionian and Aegean Seas
• this combination shaped Greece’s culture
• they had many skilled sailors and shipbuilders also farmers, metalworkers, weavers, potters
• they had poor / limited natural resources, so they needed to trade
• it was difficult to unite the ancient Greeks because of the terrain
• they developed small, independent communities (city-states) that’s who they were loyal to

GREECE

Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity (c. AD 600). Immediately following this period was the beginning of the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine era. Roughly three centuries after the Late Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece, Greek urban pole is began to form in the 8th century BC, ushering in the Archaic period and colonization of the Mediterranean Basin.