Test Tomorrow

arable
suitable for growing crops, 20% of Greece

most valuable crop in Greece
olives

Mycenaeans
a group of people who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C.; leading city called Mycenae which could withstand any attack; absorbed Crete culture, wall

Trojan War
1200 BCE it was a real war in the Iliad

Dorians
In about 1100 B.C. these people overcame the Mycenaean culture, Greece's earliest culture.
writing disappeared for 400 years

Homer
ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey


Homeric Question
the doubt and consequent debate over the identity of Homer, the authorship of the Iliad and Odyssey, and their historicity

Polis
A city-state in ancient Greece.

Monarchy
A government ruled by a king or queen

Aristocracy
A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility

Oligarchy
A government ruled by a few powerful people

Tryanny
A government where the leader gained power by force

aristocrat
a member of the most powerful class in ancient Greek society

In the symposium, Greek aristocrats:
cultivated their appreciation of wine, women, and the arts.

draconian
unnessarly harsh

tyrant
someone who rules outside the framework of the polis

Solon's reforms
outlaws debt slavery
all Athenian citizens can speak at the assembly

Clesithenes
Father of democracy
council of 500

Hippias
the last tyrant of Athens, thrown out through cooperation of Athenians and Spartans
worked with Darius 1 to help invade Marathon

Isagoras and Cleisthenes
Isagoras had support from some fellow aristocrats, plus from Sparta
Cleisthenes had support of the majority of Athenians

508 BCE
Cleisthenes creates democratic government in Athens after Isagoras gets thrown out by the people

Direct Democracy
A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives

Agora
citizens argued, made speeches, then voted with white stones (yes) / black stones (no)

infantry
soldiers who fight on foot

Trireme
Greek ships built specifically for ramming enemy ships.

Phalanx
A military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields

Persian Empire vs Greece
Greece
iron weapons meant ordinary citizens could afford to arm themselves
foot soldiers (hoplites) trained from an early age
Persian
first archers (do damage from a distance)
then cavalry (they disrupt communication between generals and soldiers)

Socrates
(470-399 BCE) An Athenian philosopher who thought that human beings could lead honest lives and that honor was far more important than wealth, fame, or other superficial attributes.

Plato
(430-347 BCE) Was a disciple of Socrates whose cornerstone of thought was his theory of Forms, in which there was another world of perfection.

Aristotle
A Greek Philosopher, taught Alexander the Great, started a famous school, studied with Plato