DAY 3

terms
Civil War- Conflicts between groups in the same country.

Julius Caesar- A military leader named Julius Caesar joined forces with Crassus, a wealthy Roman, and Pompey, a popular general.

Triumvirate- A group of three rulers.

Augustus- Title that means"exalted one."

Pax Romana- For 207 years, peace was throughout the empire, except for some fighting with tribes along the borders. This period of peace meant “Roman peace.”

questions

3. The fall of the Roman Republic was due to discontent among lower classes and a breakdown of the military order/power.

4. Romans were able to control such a large empire because they had a very good and working government system and they had able rulers that knew how to fight and control.

5. To control Rome, officials tried to provide free games, races, mock battles, and gladiator contests.

DAY 2

terms
Republic: Form of government in which power rests with the citizens who have the right to vote for leaders. Voting rights in Rome were granted only to free-born male citizens.

Patrician: The wealthy landowners who held most of the power. 

Plebeian: The common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up the majority of the population. 

Tribune: Own assembly that elect representatives. 

Consul: Rome's two officials who could overrule each other.

Senate: Aristocratic branch of Rome’s government. It had both legislative and administrative functions in the republic

Dictator: A leader who had absolute power to make laws and command the army. 

Legion: Roman soldiers who were organized into large military units.

Punic Wars: Three wars between Rome and Carthage, fought between 264BC-146BC. Rome won all three.
Hannibal: Carthaginian general, brilliant military strategist who wanted to avenge Carthage’s earlier defeat. 

questions

3. There were three main limits of Roman Consuls, they could only serve for one year, the same person could not be elected for ten years, and one consul could always overrule the others decision.

4. The Twelve Tables ensured that all laws were clearly seen and that each citizen had protection until the law. 

5. Hannibal's attack on Rome was different from the rest because he had a surprise attack and not a head-on one

DAY 1

Main Ideas
Rome began as a republic, a government in which elected officials represent the people. Eventually, absolute rulers called emperors seized power and expanded the empire.

At its height, the Roman Empire touched three
continents—Europe, Asia, and Africa. For several centuries, Rome brought
peace and prosperity to its empire before its eventual collapse.

Out of Judea rose a monotheistic,
or single-god, religion known as Christianity. Based on the teachings of
Jesus of Nazareth, it soon spread throughout Rome and beyond.

509 BC- Rome becomes a republic
264 BC- First Punic War begins
218 BC- In the second Punic War Hannibal invades Italy
31 BC- Octavia defeats the forces of Antony and Cleopatra
284 AD- Diocletian becomes emperor
476 AD- Western Roman Empire falls

Notes on Powerpoint

Etruscans
came from north-central part of the peninsula
metalworkers, artists, architects
Greeks
they had many colonies around the Mediterranean Sea
Romans borrowed ideas from them, such as:
religious beliefs
alphabet
much of their art
military techniques and weaponry

the Latins!

descendants of Indo-Europeans

settled on the banks of the Tiber

situated so trading ships - but not war fleets - could navigate as far as Rome, but no further

a commercial port, but not susceptible to attack

and... built on seven hills (esp. Palatine)

Looking Forward

Today Mr. Schick has an Umbilical hernia so he will not be here for the next 10 days or so. While he is gone we will have a sub and while the sub is here we will have work to do in turn for a 10 points for each blog we complete while he is gone.
Here is his disease
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/umbilical-hernia/symptoms-causes/syc-20378685

Test Today

Today we took a test on the textbook we've been reading. I think that I did fairly well on the multiple choice section. As for the essays I think I did okay. It's definitely not my best work but hopefully I explained everything to the best of my abilities. I'm so happy that it is finally break because I need a much needed rest from all of school.

Video

The allegory we watched symbolized how "the unexamined life is not worth living". It is also showing how we should be open to all ideas and listen to others point of view on life. The goal of education is to drag every man as far out of the cave as possible. Education should not aim at putting knowledge into the soul, but at turning the soul toward right desires. Continuing the analogy between mind and sight, Socrates explains that the vision of a clever, wicked man might be just as sharp as that of a philosopher. The problem lies in what he turns his sharp vision toward.

Test on Friday

Today in class we took some notes on section 5 but I did that last class so I was completing and studying a powerpoint that I found.

Who fought in the Peloponnesian War? Why did they fight? What happened?
Athens and Sparta fought because of  and during the war a plaque swept through Athens and killed 1/3 of the population, including Pericles, Sparta wins

How was Macedonia able to conquer Greece?
Philip the 2nd was leader and had weak army, Greece would not unite, and they were weakened by the war

Alexander's first victories against the Persians gave him control over what region?
Anatolia

What cultures were represented in the cultural blend of the Hellenistic culture?
Indian, Persian, Egyptian, and Greek

What did the city-states of Sparta and Athens have in common? How were they different?
They were both city-states and they were different in land and sea power, one was more for military, and one was more for money

What lands did Alexander conquer?
Anatolia, Egypt, Persia, and Greece

When did the following conquer Greece? Mycenaeans, Dorians, Macedonians
2000 B.C., 200 B.C., 338 B.C. (1st Mycenaeans, 2nd Macedonians, and 3rd Dorians

Describe Athenian democracy under Pericles? How did it compare to US democracy?
He had more paid elected officials, and they were a direct democracy (they voted on direct laws and we vote for the people to make the decisions)

What was the direct cause of Athens's move towards democracy?
The golden age, the invasion, they were afraid of revolt

What did Alexander learn from Aristotle?
History of Greece , literature, (and maybe a little more)

Why did Alexander refuse the peace settlement from Darius III?
He wanted it all

Why was the city of Alexandria important in the spread of Hellenistic civilization?
It was center of trade, where the library was, it was a place where cultures came to mix

What caused the decline of Athens' golden age, and the end of the democracy?
The war, military conquest in the democracy

How did Hellenistic sculpture differ from Classical sculpture?
Classical sculpture was perfect and beautiful Hellenistic was more realistic

Sections 4 and 5

• -Philip II of Macedon He dreamed of taking control of Greece and then moving against Persia to seize its vast wealth. Philip also hoped to avenge the Persian invasion of Greece in 480 B.C.
• -Macedonia was home to the ancient Macedonians, the earliest kingdom was centered on the northeastern part of the Greek peninsula.
• -During his youth, Alexander was tutored by Aristotle until age 16. After Philip's assassination in 336 BC, he succeeded his father to the throne and inherited a strong kingdom and an experienced army.
• Darius III was the Persian king defeated by Alexander.

• How was Philip II able to conquer Greece?

He organized his troops into phalanxes of 16 men across and 16 deep, each one armed with an 18-foot pike. Philip used this heavy phalanx formation to break through enemy lines. Then he used fast moving cavalry to crush his disorganized opponents.

• What happened to Alexander's empire after his death?

His Macedonian generals fought among themselves for control of his empire. Three leaders won out--Antigonus became king of Macedonia, Ptolemy seized Egypt, and Seleucus took most of the old Persian Empire. They all governed with complete power over their subjects, ignoring democratic traditions of the Greek polis.

• Phillip II's goal was †o conquer persia. Why did Alexander continued his campaign of conquest after this goal had been achieved?

Because he was greedy and because Alexander's sense of adventure led him to believe that he would be able to conquer all civilizations and united them

• -Hellenistic is a  combination of Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences
• -Alexandria is an Egyptian city founded by Alexander the Great and was the center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization
• -Euclid is a  highly regarded mathematician who taught in Alexandria
• -Archimedes was a Hellenistic scientist who studied in Alexandria, and accurately estimated the value of pi- the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter
• -Colossus of Rhodes is a  big bronze statue that stood more than 100 feet tall. Was the largest known Hellenistic sculpture found on the island of Rhodes. It fell due to an earthquake in 225 B.C. and the bronze was sold for scrap

How did trade contribute to cultural diversity in the Hellenistic city of Alexandria?

It caused people of other countries to meet and exchange different customs to one another.

How did Euclid influence some of the developments in astronomy during the Hellenistic period?

the geometry that he wrote about helped Eratosthenes and Aristarchus calculate the earth size.

What did Stoicism and Epicureanism have in common?

Both believed in living in harmony and in peace

Vocab

Today in class we talked about Sophoucus who wrote Oedipos Rex.

•  a mythical Greek king of Thebes. A tragic hero in Greek mythology, Oedipus accidentally fulfilled a prophecy that he would end up killing his father and marrying his mother, thereby bringing disaster to his city and family.

We also talked about Lysistrata 

•  an ancient Greek comedy by Aristophanes, originally performed in classical Athens in 411 BC. It is a comic account of a woman's extraordinary mission to end the Peloponnesian War between Greek city states by denying all the men of the land. 

Test Question

fatal flaw- hubris

New Unit

Today in class I read from the textbook and answered questions in my notebook. Here are some of the things that I was taking note of.

Pericles

• Was born c. 495 B.C. in Athens, Greece.
•  His father Xanthippus, was a famous general and statesman who came from a wealthy family of aristocrats
• Ancient Greek statesman 

Goals

• Strengthen Democracy
• Glorify Athens
• Strengthen Athenian Empire

Strengthen Democracy

• paying public officials

Glorifying Athens

• rebuilt and beautified with art, and architecture set standards

Strengthening Empire

• expanded the empire by building a strong naval fleet

More presentation

Today we had some really good presentations and people put in some A quality work. I am nervous to see what we got. I really liked Sam and Anthonys project because all of the class got to precipitate and share ideas. I liked that Sean, Kyle, and Trent put together spears and explained their project well.