Italy the birthplace of Renaissance

Renaissance
Period of rebirth of art and learning in Europe lasting from about 1300 to 1600
Humanism
Focusses on human potential and achievements
Secular
Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters
Patrons
People who are financially support artists
Perspective
An art technique that re-creates three dimensions
Vernacular
The use of native language instead of classical Latin

Renaissance men who excelled in many fields were praised as a universal man. A young man should be charming, witty, well educated, know how to dance, sing, play music, and write poetry. He should also be a skilled rider, wrestler, and swordsman. Renaissance women were expected to know the classics and be charming. They were expected to inspire art but not create it. They were better educated than medieval women but had little influence in politics.


It had thriving cities, a wealthy merchant class, and the classical heritage of ancient Greece.

They beautified Rome and other cities by spending huge amounts on the arts. They became patrons by financially supporting artists. Wealthy families were also patrons of the arts. They had their importance demonstrated by having their portraits painted in public squares.

Test day

The test wasn't as bad as I pictured. I studied a lot and looking over the powerpoint I noticed one question I missed but I was pretty okay on everything else. I still have no idea who the leader was that set a voyage to Britain but oh well. I think that it won't kill my grade too much but you never know.

Review for Test

republic

a form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders

patricians

the wealthy landowners who held most of the power

plebeians

the common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up the majority of the population

tribunes

rome's leaders allowed the plebeians to form their own assebly and elect representatives

consuls

two officals who commanded the army and directed the government (like kings)

senate

aristocratic brand of romes government (had both legislative and administrative functions in the republic)

dictator

a leader who had absolute power to make laws and command the army

legions

roman soilders organized into large military units

punic wars

between 264 and 146 bc, rome and carthage fought three wars

hannibal

brilliant military strategist who wanted to avenge carthage's earlier defeat

civil war

or conflict between groups within the same country, followed their deaths

Julius Caesar

military leader in 60 B.C; joined forces with Crassus, a wealthy roman, and Pompey, a popular general

The triumvirate of Julius Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey ruled Rome for 10 years before

a group of three rulers

Augustus

First emperor of Rome

meaning "exhalted one"

Pax Romana

the period of peace and prosperity meaning "Roman peace

Greco- Roman culture

the mixing elements of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman culture

Pompeii

Roman town and dated from as early as the second century B.C

Virgil

spent ten years writing the most famous work of Latin literature, the Aeneid, the epic of the legendary Aeneas

Tactitus

wrote annals and histories

Aqueducts

designed by Roman engineers to bring water into the cities and towns. When the water channel spanned a river or ravine, the aqueduct was lifted high up on arches

etruscans are

metal workers, artists, architects

greeks had many colonies around the

mediterranean sea

latins settled on the banks of

tiber river

latins built settlement on

palatine

king tarquin was the

seventh and final king of rome

the law of the twelve tribes

Foundation of Roman civil law; the first written law code in Rome; hung in the Roman Forum

SPQR (Senatus Populesque Romanus)

designates any decree or decision made by "the roman senate and people"

res publica means

the people's affairs

democracy in rome is

peoples assemblys and tribunes

aristocracy is rome is

senate (300 memebers) and members for life

monarchy in rome is

consuls

assemblies for rome

-members for life

- was 193 members but later 373 members 

- was for plebians and lower

house of representatives for united states

- 435 members

- 2 year term

- md has 8 representatives

- 55 from cali

senate for united states

- 100 members

- six year term

- 2 from each state

legion

5000 soilders, not in it for pay (not yet)

century

group of 80 soilders

the first punic war 

(246-241 BCE)

- naval battles for sicily 

- rome wins

Second Punic War (218-201 BC)

- hannibal: tries to take over rome

- attacks rome from north after crossing lberia and alps

third punic war (149-146 bce)

- rome threats carthage

- scipio, tiberius gracchus, attacked city

- carthage burned down for 17 days and last 50,000 people were enslaved

latrifundia

big farms became massive estates

poet juvenal said rome

"anxiously hopes for two things= bread and circuses"

First Triumvirate

Julius Caesar, Pompey, Crassus

"crossing the rubicon" means

crossing the point of no return

"sic semper tyrannis" means

"thus always to tyrants"

second triumvirate

Mark Antony, Octavian, Lepidus

Notes

-5000 soldiers, not in itfor pay (not yet)
-the roman army's elite heavy infantry
-recruited exclusively from roman citizen
-group of 80 is a century
-on horseback is cavalry
-shield, sword, dagger, and armor and tunic
-The Punic Wars (264-146 BCE)
-rome vs. Carthage
-3 wars

First Punic War:
-naval battles from control of the strategically located island of Sicily
-rome wins

Second Punic War (218-201 BCE):
-29-year-old Carthaginian general Hannibal almost does the impossible: taking Rome
-attacks Rome from the north after crossing Iberia (spain) and the Alps
-lays siege to much  of the peninsula for 15 years, but he can never get to Rome
-third and final Punic war (149-146)
-Rome wanted to finally remove the threat of Carthage permanently
-Tiberius Gracchus, and others mercilessly attacked the city
-Carthage was burned for 17 days; the city's walls and buildings were utterly destroyed
-when the war ended, the last 50,000 people in the city  were sold into slavery
-the rest of Carthage's territories were annexed, and made into the Roman province of Africa

slaves poured into Italy:
-by the end of the second century BCE there were over a million slaves in Italy
-small farmers lost their land to aristocrats if they couldn't pay off their debts, sometimes because --the men of the farm were fighting battles
-slaves did the work on the farms for the rich
-the big farms became massive estates called latifundia

Day 8

terms:
Greco-Roman culture- The mixing of elements of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman cultures
Pompeii- a large Roman town in the Italian region of Campania which was completely buried in volcanic ash following the eruption of nearby Mt. Vesuvius
Virgil- a poet who wrote the Aeneid
Tactius- a Roman historian who presented the facts accurately
Aqueduct- designed by Roman engineers to bring water into cities and towns
Questions:

5.)What influence did Latin have on the development of western languages?
It started the language called the Romance languages which were the French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and Romanian adopting Latin into their languages

Day 7

In my own opinion, I don't believe that the United States will fall Roman Empire because our government is stronger and holds a better foundations from the lessons we learned from the past. he U.S. is certainly undergoing a period of political upheaval, with the country often split on major issues and animosity rising between different sides. The election of Donald Trump both increased the divide and is a symptom of it. Still, the U.S. is a democratic society, with checks and balances. It is also not the first time in recent history the country dealt with divisive issues, with the civil rights struggle and Vietnam War being quite contemporary events. The U.S. is poised to continue with its political system relatively healthy and functioning.

DAY 6

terms:

inflation- a drastic drop in the value of money coupled with a raise in prices
mercenary- foreign soldiers who fought for money, felt little sense of loyalty to the empire
Diocletian- a strong-willed army leader, became the new emperor of Rome in 284 A.D. 
Constantinople- The city of Constantine, the new name for the capital
Attila- a powerful chieftain who terrorized both halves of the empire

Questions: 3. The main internal causes of the fall of the Roman Empire were inflation, serious agricultural problems, destroyed farmland due to wars, and the disarray of the military by the lack of discipline and loyalty.

4. Diocletian succeeded by ruling with an iron fist and fixing the previous problems Rome suffered. He split the entire empire in half and ruled the Eastern part, and he doubled the size of the Roman army. 

5. The Germans invaded the Roman Empire because they were fleeing the Huns who had moved into their lands and were destroying their homes.