Notes

-5000 soldiers, not in itfor pay (not yet)
-the roman army's elite heavy infantry
-recruited exclusively from roman citizen
-group of 80 is a century
-on horseback is cavalry
-shield, sword, dagger, and armor and tunic
-The Punic Wars (264-146 BCE)
-rome vs. Carthage
-3 wars

First Punic War:
-naval battles from control of the strategically located island of Sicily
-rome wins

Second Punic War (218-201 BCE):
-29-year-old Carthaginian general Hannibal almost does the impossible: taking Rome
-attacks Rome from the north after crossing Iberia (spain) and the Alps
-lays siege to much  of the peninsula for 15 years, but he can never get to Rome
-third and final Punic war (149-146)
-Rome wanted to finally remove the threat of Carthage permanently
-Tiberius Gracchus, and others mercilessly attacked the city
-Carthage was burned for 17 days; the city's walls and buildings were utterly destroyed
-when the war ended, the last 50,000 people in the city  were sold into slavery
-the rest of Carthage's territories were annexed, and made into the Roman province of Africa

slaves poured into Italy:
-by the end of the second century BCE there were over a million slaves in Italy
-small farmers lost their land to aristocrats if they couldn't pay off their debts, sometimes because --the men of the farm were fighting battles
-slaves did the work on the farms for the rich
-the big farms became massive estates called latifundia