Review for Test

republic

a form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders

patricians

the wealthy landowners who held most of the power

plebeians

the common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up the majority of the population

tribunes

rome's leaders allowed the plebeians to form their own assebly and elect representatives

consuls

two officals who commanded the army and directed the government (like kings)

senate

aristocratic brand of romes government (had both legislative and administrative functions in the republic)

dictator

a leader who had absolute power to make laws and command the army

legions

roman soilders organized into large military units

punic wars

between 264 and 146 bc, rome and carthage fought three wars

hannibal

brilliant military strategist who wanted to avenge carthage's earlier defeat

civil war

or conflict between groups within the same country, followed their deaths

Julius Caesar

military leader in 60 B.C; joined forces with Crassus, a wealthy roman, and Pompey, a popular general

The triumvirate of Julius Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey ruled Rome for 10 years before

a group of three rulers

Augustus

First emperor of Rome

meaning "exhalted one"

Pax Romana

the period of peace and prosperity meaning "Roman peace

Greco- Roman culture

the mixing elements of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman culture

Pompeii

Roman town and dated from as early as the second century B.C

Virgil

spent ten years writing the most famous work of Latin literature, the Aeneid, the epic of the legendary Aeneas

Tactitus

wrote annals and histories

Aqueducts

designed by Roman engineers to bring water into the cities and towns. When the water channel spanned a river or ravine, the aqueduct was lifted high up on arches

etruscans are

metal workers, artists, architects

greeks had many colonies around the

mediterranean sea

latins settled on the banks of

tiber river

latins built settlement on

palatine

king tarquin was the

seventh and final king of rome

the law of the twelve tribes

Foundation of Roman civil law; the first written law code in Rome; hung in the Roman Forum

SPQR (Senatus Populesque Romanus)

designates any decree or decision made by "the roman senate and people"

res publica means

the people's affairs

democracy in rome is

peoples assemblys and tribunes

aristocracy is rome is

senate (300 memebers) and members for life

monarchy in rome is

consuls

assemblies for rome

-members for life

- was 193 members but later 373 members 

- was for plebians and lower

house of representatives for united states

- 435 members

- 2 year term

- md has 8 representatives

- 55 from cali

senate for united states

- 100 members

- six year term

- 2 from each state

legion

5000 soilders, not in it for pay (not yet)

century

group of 80 soilders

the first punic war 

(246-241 BCE)

- naval battles for sicily 

- rome wins

Second Punic War (218-201 BC)

- hannibal: tries to take over rome

- attacks rome from north after crossing lberia and alps

third punic war (149-146 bce)

- rome threats carthage

- scipio, tiberius gracchus, attacked city

- carthage burned down for 17 days and last 50,000 people were enslaved

latrifundia

big farms became massive estates

poet juvenal said rome

"anxiously hopes for two things= bread and circuses"

First Triumvirate

Julius Caesar, Pompey, Crassus

"crossing the rubicon" means

crossing the point of no return

"sic semper tyrannis" means

"thus always to tyrants"

second triumvirate

Mark Antony, Octavian, Lepidus